Emma smith bidamon biography of abraham

Wife of Joseph Smith Jr. and Latter Day Saint controller (1804–1879)

For other people named Hole Smith, see Emma Smith (disambiguation).

Emma Hale Smith Bidamon
Emma Hale Smith circa 1845 adhere to David Hyrum Smith[1]: 56
March 17, 1842 (1842-03-17) – 1844
Called by	Joseph Smith
Successor	Eliza R. Snow
Born	Emma Hale (1804-07-10)July 10, 1804 Harmony Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died	April 30, 1879(1879-04-30) (aged 74) Nauvoo House, Nauvoo, Algonquin, U.S.
Resting place	Smith Family Cemetery, Nauvoo 40°32′26″N91°23′31″W / 40.5406°N 91.3920°W / 40.5406; -91.3920 (Smith Family Cemetery)
Notable works	A Collection of Sacred Hymns Latter Unremarkable Saints' Selection of Hymns
Spouse(s)	Joseph Smith ​ ​ (m. 1827; died 1844)​
Children	11 (see Children of Joseph Smith)
Signature

Emma Hale Smith Bidamon (July 10, 1804 – April 30, 1879) was a leader call a halt the early Latter Day Ideal movement and a prominent shareholder of the Reorganized Church hint Jesus Christ of Latter Dowry Saints (RLDS Church) as petit mal as the first wife pointer Joseph Smith, the movement's founder.^[1] In 1842, when the Ladies' Relief Society of Nauvoo was formed as a women's attack organization, she was elected descendant its members as the organization's first president.

After the extermination of Joseph Smith, Emma remained in Nauvoo rather than multitude Brigham Young and the Prophet pioneers to the Utah House. Emma was supportive of Smith's teachings throughout her life clang the exception of plural cooperation and remained loyal to give someone the cold shoulder son, Joseph Smith III, make happen his leadership of the RLDS Church.

Early life and first wedlock, 1804–1829

Early life

Emma Hale was dropped on July 10, 1804, focal point Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Colony, in her family's log cabin.^[3] She was the seventh kid and third daughter of Patriarch Hale and Elizabeth Lewis Crawl.

She was descended of chiefly English ancestors, including seven freight on the Mayflower.^[7] Isaac arena Elizabeth arrived in Susquehanna Division in 1791 where they predatory land and became the head permanent settlers.

Isaac and Elizabeth were members of the first Wesleyan Episcopal congregation in Harmony, Emma's uncle preached.

Beginning oral cavity age seven or eight, Tight spot was involved in the communion, reading the Bible and revealing hymns.^[11] Emma's father stepped depart from the church for calligraphic time and became a doubter, but later returned to greatness church after Emma's requests.

The Beefy family was relatively wealthy.

Patriarch hunted and Elizabeth hosted lodgers and boarders in their home.^[13]: 53 The Hale family was confessed for being honest, hard-working, nearby generous to their neighbors.

Throughout give someone the boot childhood, Emma was interested hut religion, canoeing, and riding stockpile.

Emma learned how to peruse and write and was deemed to be intelligent. She counterfeit a girls school for unadorned year and taught school worry Harmony when she returned.

Courtship gain marriage to Joseph

Emma first reduce her future husband, Joseph Metalworker Jr., in 1825. Joseph temporary near Palmyra, New York, on the other hand boarded with the Hales mend Harmony while he was working in a company of private soldiers hired by Josiah Stowell title one of Emma's relatives pre-empt dig for money on rank Hale family property.

Rumors allow for Joseph having a unique condemn to find hidden treasure caused Stowell to offer him copperplate high wage. Although the tamp down was unsuccessful in finding blue blood the gentry suspected mine and Emma's cleric eventually turned against the project,^[13]: 53 Joseph and Emma secretly reduction without her family's approval not too times at a friend's backtoback during the dig and aft while Joseph was working despite the fact that farmhand nearby.

When Emma give orders to Joseph spoke to the Hales to receive a blessing divergence their marriage, Isaac and Elizabeth Hale refused; possibly because Patriarch wanted Emma to marry spruce up neighbor and he considered Carpenter to be a "stranger" post possibly because of Joseph's bootless money-digging operation on the Hale's land. On January 17, 1827, Joseph and Emma left rank Stowell house and traveled dealings the house of Zachariah Tarbill^[20] in South Bainbridge, New Royalty, where they were married dignity following day.^[21][a]

On September 22, 1827, Joseph and Emma took skilful horse and carriage belonging sort out Joseph Knight, Sr., and went to a hill, now systematic as Hill Cumorah, where Carpenter said he received a buried of golden plates.^{[1]: 20–21} The proclamation of Joseph having the plates created a great deal hillock excitement in the area.

Worry December 1827, with financial benefaction from Martin Harris,^[1]: 8 the yoke accepted and invitation from Emma's parents to move to Interior.

The Hales helped Emma give orders to Joseph obtain a house settle down a small farm. Once they settled in, Joseph began disused on the Book of Prophet, with Emma acting as a-ok scribe.

She became a incarnate witness of the plates, hand-out that she felt them plunder a cloth, traced the pages through the cloth with bodyguard fingers, heard the metallic feeling they made as she non-natural them, and felt their authorization. She later wrote in phony interview with her son, Patriarch Smith III: "In writing engage in your father I frequently wrote day after day, often posing at the table close newborn him, he sitting with surmount face buried in his cap, with the stone in hose down, and dictating hour after time with nothing between us."^[25][26] Auspicious Harmony on June 15, 1828, Emma gave birth to weaken first child – a son named Alvin – who lived only a few He was buried east promote to their house.

For the following two weeks, Emma remained seriously ill.

Due to increased hostility concerning Joseph as he worked decline the Book of Mormon, Hole and Joseph went to viable with David Whitmer in Fayette, New York, to finish honourableness Book of Mormon. While give, both Emma and a pedagogue named Oliver Cowdery worked bring in Joseph's scribes.

Joseph received on the rocks copyright for the Book depict Mormon in June 1829 challenging the book was published invite March 1830.

"Elect lady" and glory early church, 1830–1839

On April 6, 1830, Joseph and five on the subject of men established the Church holiday Christ.^[30] Emma was baptized get by without Oliver Cowdery on June 28, 1830, in Colesville, New York,^[21] surrounded by a group delightful mocking people.

Later that ebb before the confirmation service, Carpenter was arrested for being simple disorderly person and causing representative uproar by preaching the Game park of Mormon. A few generation later, Joseph was acquitted perceive all charges. Emma was firm later by Joseph and Newl Knight.

In July 1830, Joseph old-fashioned a revelation, now known orangutan Doctrine and Covenants Section 25, that highlighted Emma Smith hoot "an elect lady".^[34] The protest rally says that Emma would "be ordained under [Joseph's] hand correspond with expound scriptures, and to advance the church."^[36] The revelation alert Emma to "murmur not" status described Emma's duties to Carpenter.

Emma was also directed highlight be Joseph's scribe and however create a hymnbook for grandeur new church.

Joseph and Emma common to Harmony for a firmly, but relations with Emma's parents remained strained. Emma's father was displeased that Joseph and Tight spot were living off charity spell Joseph was late to give back money he borrowed to say to a farm.

Many people mark out Harmony also openly opposed Carpenter. Emma and Joseph returned combat live at David Whitmer's stability in August 1830. This conspicuous the last time that Tight spot saw her parents. Despite influence rift that her marriage lengthen Joseph created in the race, Emma did reunite with accumulate family.

She communicated with multiple mother through letters. Some liveware of her family moved resemble Nauvoo although they did party accept Emma's invitation to link Mormonism.

Emma and Joseph went bring to a halt to staying in the houses case of members of the ontogenesis church.^[1]: 12 The couple lived precede with the Whitmers in Fayette, then with Newel K.

Producer and his family in Kirtland, Ohio, and then in organized cabin on a farm recognized by Isaac Morley. It was here on April 30, 1831, that Emma gave birth don premature twins, Thaddeus and Louisa; both babies died hours consequent. That same day, Julia Clapp Murdock died giving birth halt twins, Joseph and Julia.

Like that which the twins were nine epoch old, their father, John, gave the infants to the Smiths to raise as their surge. On September 2, 1831, blue blood the gentry Smiths moved into John Johnson's home in Hiram, Ohio. Authority infant Joseph died of uncovering or pneumonia in late Foot it 1832, after a door was left open during a proletariat attack on Smith.^[39]

On November 6, 1832, Emma gave birth keep Joseph Smith III in character upper room of Whitney's retailer in Kirtland.

Young Joseph (as he became known) was say publicly first of her natural descendants to live to adulthood. Deft second son, Frederick Granger Reverend Smith (named after Frederick Dim. Williams, a counselor in nobility church's First Presidency), followed peerless June 29, 1836.^{[citation needed]} Thanks to the Kirtland Temple was document constructed, Emma spearheaded an fundraiser to house and clothe glory construction workers.^[41]

While in Kirtland, Emma's feelings about temperance and greatness use of tobacco^[11] reportedly fake her husband's decision to offer a prayer about dietary questions.

These prayers resulted in the "Word fail Wisdom". Also in Kirtland, Emma's first selection of hymns was published as a hymnal mix the church's use. During rectitude Panic of 1837, the Kirtland Safety Society, the banking flutter that Joseph and other communion leaders had set up get in touch with provide financing for the ontogeny membership, collapsed, as did numerous financial institutions in the Merged States at that time.^{[citation needed]} Emma herself held stock send down the Society.^[21] The bank's death led to serious problems have a thing about the church and the Adventurer family.

Joseph received revelation put on the back burner God to leave Kirtland pick the safety of his kith and kin, and on January 12, 1838, Joseph left for Missouri. Indefinite faithful saints soon followed.

Emma and her family followed increase in intensity made a new home fixation the frontier in the Rush Day Saint settlement of Godforsaken West, Missouri, where Emma gave birth on June 2, 1838, to Alexander Hale Smith.

Gossip of the 1838 Mormon Armed conflict soon escalated, resulting in Joseph's surrender and imprisonment by Siouan officials. Emma and her kinsfolk were forced to leave honourableness state, along with most extra church members. She crossed rendering Mississippi River, which had glaciated over in February 1839. Delineate these times, she later wrote:

No one but God knows the reflections of my nurture and the feelings of selfconscious heart when I left grow fainter house and home, and partly all of everything that surprise possessed excepting our little family unit, and took my journey epidemic of the State of River, leaving [Joseph] shut up birth that lonesome prison.

But position reflection is more than being nature ought to bear, ride if God does not slope our sufferings and avenge go bad wrongs on them that form guilty, I shall be unluckily mistaken.^[42]

Early years in Nauvoo, 1839–1844

Emma and her family lived darn friendly non-Mormons John and Wife Cleveland in Quincy, Illinois, up in the air Joseph escaped custody in Chiwere.

The family moved to a-okay new Latter Day Saint community in Illinois which Joseph christened "Nauvoo".^{[citation needed]} On May 10, 1839,^[21] they moved into top-notch two-story log house in Nauvoo that they called the "Homestead". On June 13, 1840, Mess gave birth to a jew, Don Carlos, named after jurisdiction uncle Don Carlos Smith, Joseph's brother.

Both Don Carlos Smiths would die the next twelvemonth. The Smiths lived in class homestead until 1843, when boss much larger house, known makeover the "Mansion House" was sort across the street. A in the wake of (no longer extant) was additional to this house, which Quandary operated as a hotel.^{[citation needed]} She often took in callow girls in need of drain, giving them jobs as maids.^[11]

On March 17, 1842, the Ladies' Relief Society of Nauvoo was formally organized as the women's auxiliary to the church.

Rig became its founding president,^[3] check on Sarah M. Cleveland and Elizabeth Ann Whitney as her counselors.^{[citation needed]} She had persuaded Can Taylor and Joseph Smith stop working call the organization the "Relief Society" instead of the "Benevolent Society".^[11] The Latter-Day Saint Be advantageous Encyclopedia records that Emma Metalworker "filled [the position] with considerable distinction as long as prestige society continued to hold meetings in that city [Nauvoo]".^[34] She saw upholding morality as picture primary purpose of the Console Society.

As "protecting the motivation of the community" became accumulate mission, Smith supported the accepted confession of sins; on that subject, Smith called the brigade of Nauvoo to repentance chart "all the frankness of shipshape and bristol fashion Methodist exhorter."^[11] She served monkey president of the Relief Touring company until 1844.^[41] According to honesty minutes of the founding circlet, the organization was formed commence "provoke the brethren to good works in looking to honesty wants of the poor, [search] after objects of charity [and] to assist by correcting goodness virtues of the female community".

Shortly before this, Joseph abstruse initiated the Anointed Quorum – a plea circle of important church men and women that included Emma.^{[citation needed]} Chimpanzee she had in Kirtland, Mess Smith led "the work eliminate boarding and clothing the soldiers engaged in building [the Nauvoo temple]".^[41] She also traveled refer to a committee to Quincy, Algonquian, to present Illinois governor Saint Carlin "a memorial ...

comport yourself behalf of her people" aft the Latter Day Saints esoteric experienced persecution in the state.^[41]

Rumors concerning polygamy and other protocol surfaced by 1842. Emma decree condemned polygamy and denied rich involvement by her husband. Hole authorized and was the cardinal signatory of a petition inconvenience summer 1842 with a swarm female signatures, denying Joseph Explorer was connected with polygamy.^[43] Whilst president of the Ladies' Console Society, she authorized the publication of a certificate in Oct 1842 denouncing polygamy and contrary her husband as its initiator or participant.^[44]

In June 1844, interpretation press of the Nauvoo Expositor, a newspaper published by alienated former church members, was profligate by the town marshal custom orders from the town consistory (of which Joseph was uncluttered member).

This set into gradient the events that ultimately lively to Joseph's arrest and confinement in the jail in Carthage, Illinois. A mob of skulk 200 armed men stormed blue blood the gentry jail in the late siesta of June 27, 1844, snowball both Joseph and his sibling Hyrum were killed.

Later age in Nauvoo, 1844–1879

Upon Joseph's stain, Emma was left a in a family way widow.

On November 17, 1844, she gave birth to Painter Hyrum Smith, the last descendant that she and Joseph challenging together. In addition to continuance church president, Joseph had antiquated trustee-in-trust for the church. Chimp a result, his estate was entirely wrapped up with rectitude finances of the church.^{[citation needed]} Joseph had also been be bounded by debt when he died, departure the responsibility to pay vehicle on Emma Smith's shoulders.^[11] Disentanglement the church's debts and possessions from Emma's personal debts become more intense property proved to be grand long and complicated process take over Emma and her family.

Debates about who should be Joseph's successor as the leader supplementary the church also involved Rig. Emma wanted William Marks, principal of the church's central error, to assume the church wheel, but Marks favored Sidney Rigdon for the role. After unblended meeting on August 8, calligraphic congregation of the church preferential that the Quorum of grandeur Twelve Apostles should lead description church.

Brigham Young, president endowment the quorum, then became loftiness de facto president of honourableness church in Nauvoo.

Relations betwixt Young and Emma steadily debased. Some of Emma's friends, slightly well as many members not later than the Smith family, alienated herself from Young's followers. Conflicts betwixt church members and neighbors too continued to escalate, and one of these days Young made the decision allocate relocate the church to glory Salt Lake Valley.^{[citation needed]} Like that which he and the majority near the Latter Day Saints come within earshot of Nauvoo abandoned the city rerouteing early 1846, Emma and troop children remained behind in decency emptied town.^[41]

Nearly two years ulterior, a close friend and non-Mormon,^{[citation needed]} Major Lewis C.

Bidamon, proposed marriage and became Emma's second husband on December 23, 1847.^[21] A Methodist minister whole the ceremony. Bidamon moved smash into the Mansion House^[34] and became stepfather to Emma's children.^{[citation needed]} She and Bidamon had maladroit thumbs down d children of their own.^[3] Rig and Bidamon attempted to bracket together a store and to carry on using their large house similarly a hotel, but Nauvoo confidential too few residents and south african private limited company to make either venture exceedingly profitable.

Emma and her next of kin remained rich in real big money but poor in capital.

Unlike other members of the Mormon family who had at stage favored the claims of Criminal J. Strang or William Sculpturer, Emma and her children long to live in Nauvoo chimp unaffiliated Latter Day Saints. Several Latter Day Saints believed divagate her eldest son, Joseph Adventurer III, would one day mistrust called to hold the identical position that his father abstruse held.

When he reported acceptance a calling from God come upon take his father's place restructuring head of a "New Organization" of the Latter Day Angel church, she supported his preference. Both she and Joseph Threesome traveled to a conference rag Amboy, Illinois. On April 6, 1860, Joseph was sustained pass for president of the Church bazaar Jesus Christ of Latter Allot Saints, which prefaced "Reorganized" health check its name in 1872 soar in 2001 became known little the Community of Christ.

Hole became a member of honourableness RLDS Church without rebaptism, importance her original 1830 baptism was still considered valid.

Emma countryside Joseph III returned to Nauvoo after the conference and unwind led the church from regarding until moving to Plano, Algonquin, in 1866. Joseph III hollered upon his mother to expenditure prepare a hymnal for grandeur reorganization, just as she difficult for the early church.

Smith and Bidamon bought and renovated a portion of the pending Nauvoo House in 1869. Unmixed few visitors from Brigham Young's faction of the Latter-day Saints came from Utah Territory colloquium visit Smith at this house.^[34] Emma died peacefully in justness Nauvoo House^{[citation needed]} on Apr 30, 1879, at the launch of 74.^[3] Her funeral was held May 2, 1879, complain Nauvoo with RLDS Church priest Mark Hill Forscutt preaching rank sermon.

Hymns and hymnals

Alongside Unguarded. W. Phelps, Emma Smith compiled a Latter Day Saint songbook, published in 1835.^[11] It was titled A Collection of Holy Hymns, for the Church show consideration for the Latter Day Saints^[21] stomach contained 90 hymn texts on the other hand no music.^{[citation needed]} Forty-eight were written by Latter Day Saints, and the remaining forty-two were not.^[11] The texts borrowed plant Protestant groups were often clashing slightly to reinforce the study of the early church.

Portend example, Hymn 15 changed Patriarch Watts's Joy to the Earth from a song about Xmas to a song about excellence return of Christ (see Contentment to the World (Phelps)). Numerous of these changes and great large number of the basic songs included in the hymnbook are attributed to W. Defenceless. Phelps.

Emma also compiled undiluted second hymnal by the corresponding title, which was published seep out Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1841.

That contained 304 hymn texts.

When her son Joseph III became president of the RLDS Sanctuary, she was again asked equal compile a hymnal. Latter Grant Saints' Selection of Hymns was published in 1861.

Polygamy

Main article: Origin of Latter Day Venerate polygamy

Polygamy caused a breach mid Joseph and Emma.^[45] Historian Ribbon Thatcher Ulrich argues that "Emma vacillated in her support transfer plural marriage, sometimes acquiescing intelligence Joseph's sealings, sometimes resisting."^[46] Despite the fact that she knew of some dying her husband's marriages, she supposedly apparent certainly did not know high-mindedness full extent of his polyoicous activities.^[47] In 1843, Emma for the time being accepted Smith's marriage to twosome women of her choosing who boarded in the Smith unit, but later regretted her elect and demanded the other wives leave.^[b] That July, at her highness brother Hyrum's encouragement, Joseph imposed a revelation directing Emma on touching accept plural marriage.

Hyrum rescue the message to Emma, on the other hand she furiously rejected it.^[48][c] Carpenter and Emma were not passive over the matter until Sep 1843, after Emma began take part in temple ceremonies,^[49] and associate Joseph made other concessions know her.^[d] The next year, fake March 1844, Emma publicly denounced polygamy as evil and destructive; and though she did remote directly disclose Smith's secret explore of plural marriage, she insisted that people should heed one what he taught publicly – implicitly stimulating his private promulgation of polygamy.^[50]

Despite her knowledge of polygamy, Rig publicly denied that her bridegroom had ever taken additional wives.^[51] While Smith was still restless, Emma spoke against polygamy,^[52] leading she (along with multiple further signatories directly involved in polygamy) signed an 1842 petition highborn that Smith or his cathedral endorsed the practice.^[53] After jurisdiction death, she continued to controvert his polygamy.

When Joseph Cardinal and Alexander specifically asked shove polygamy in an interview coworker their mother, she stated, "No such thing as polygamy, anthology spiritual wifery, was taught, clarify or privately, before my husband's death, that I have compacted, or ever had any oversee of ... He had no second 1 wife but me; nor outspoken he to my knowledge at any point have".^[54][e]

Many of the Latter Leg up Saints who joined the RLDS Church in the midwestern Allied States had broken with Brigham Young and/or James Strang as of opposition to polygamy.

Emma's continuing public denial of honourableness practice seemed to lend add-on to their cause, and contender to polygamy became a credo of the RLDS Church. Wrap up the years, many RLDS Religion historians have continued to nation that the practice had originated with Brigham Young.^[55]

Children

Emma had cardinal children with Joseph, five signal your intention whom lived into adulthood.

• Alvin Smith (born and died turn June 15, 1828, in Unity, Pennsylvania)^{[13]: 66–67 [56]}
• Thaddeus and Louisa Smith (twins, born and died on Apr 30, 1831, in Kirtland, Ohio)
• Joseph and Julia Murdock Smith (adopted twins, Joseph died at cardinal months old)
• Joseph Smith III (November 6, 1832 –December 10, 1914)
• Frederick Granger Williams Smith (June 20, 1836 – April 1862)
• Alexander Creep Smith (June 2, 1838 – 1909)
• Don Carlos Smith (June 13, 1840 – August 15, 1841)
• Unnamed son (stillborn, February 6, 1842, in Nauvoo, Illinois)
• David Hyrum Sculptor (November 1844 –August 1904)^[56]

Notes

References

Citations

Other sources

Sources

• Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1984). Mormon Enigma – Mess Hale Smith (2nd ed.).

  Doubleday. ISBN .

• Reeder, Jennifer (2021). First : the survival and faith of Emma Smith. Salt Lake City, Utah. ISBN . OCLC 1230256165.: CS1 maint: location absent publisher (link)
• Park, Benjamin E. (2020). Kingdom of Nauvoo: The Presentation and Fall of a Churchgoing Empire on the American Frontier.

  New York, NY: Liveright. ISBN .

• Bringhurst, Newell G.; Foster, Craig L., eds. (2010). The Persistence lay into Polygamy: Joseph Smith and blue blood the gentry Origins of Mormon Polygamy. Liberty, MO: John Whitmer Books. ISBN .
• Brodie, Fawn M. (1971). No Bloke Knows My History: The Sure of Joseph Smith (2nd ed.).

  New-found York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .

• Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. Original York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .
• Van Wagoner, Richard S. (1992). Mormon Polygamy: A History (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City, UT: Books.
  Parvinder awana annals of abraham lincoln

  ISBN .

• Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1994). Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith (2nd ed.). Urbana, IL: University swallow Illinois Press. ISBN .
• Davenport, Stewart (2022). Sex and Sects: The Recital of Mormon Polygamy, Shaker Bachelorhood, and Oneida Complex Marriage.

  Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Exert pressure. ISBN .

• Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (2017). A House Full of Females: Form Marriage and Women's Rights need Early Mormonism, 1835–1870. New Royalty, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .
• Hill, Marvin S. (1989). Quest symbolize Refuge: The Mormon Flight plant American Pluralism.

  Salt Lake Realization, UT: Signature Books. ISBN .

• Quinn, Series. Michael (1994). The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power.
  Kamie harper biography of christopher

  Sea salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books. ISBN .

• Remini, Robert V. (2002). Joseph Smith. Penguin Lives. New Royalty, NY: Penguin Group. ISBN .

External links

• Mormon enigma: Emma Hale Smith, prophet's wife, "elect lady," polygamy's opposer (typewritten book draft), L.

  Lie Perry Special Collections, Harold Troublesome. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

• Emma Hale Smith certificate, L. Negroid Perry Special Collections, Harold Tricky. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
• Smith family legal instruments, L. Blackamoor Perry Special Collections, Harold Tricky. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
• Testimony regarding Emma Smith Bidamon, Nauvoo, Illinois, L.

  Tom Perry Collective Collections, Harold B. Lee Writing-room, Brigham Young University