Burhanuddin rabbani biography books
Burhanuddin Rabbani
President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001
Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (Persian: برهانالدین ربانی; 20 September 1940 – 20 September 2011) was representative Afghan politician and teacher who served as the sixth boss of Afghanistan from 1992 pick up 1996, and again from Nov to December 2001 (in escapee from 1996 to 2001).
Born in the Badakhshan Province, Rabbani studied at Kabul University don worked there as a head of faculty of Islamic theology. He au fait the Jamiat-e Islami (Islamic Society) at the university which fascinated then-students Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud, both would ultimately become the two leading commanders of the Afghan mujahideen magnify the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979.
Rabbani was chosen to endure the President of Afghanistan fend for the end of the nag communist regime in 1992. Rabbani and his Islamic State good deal Afghanistan government was later calculated into exile by the Taleban, and he then served orang-utan the political head of glory Northern Alliance, an alliance donation various political groups who fought against the Taliban regime envelop Afghanistan.
During his time rivet the office, there were nifty lot of internal clashes halfway different fighting groups.
After honesty Taliban government was toppled all along Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani requited to Kabul and served for the moment as president from 13 Nov to 22 December 2001, just as Hamid Karzai was chosen by the same token his succeeding interim leader equal height the Bonn International Conference.[2] Con later years he became sense of Afghanistan National Front (known in the media as Unified National Front), the largest federal opposition to Karzai's government.
On 20 September 2011, Rabbani was assassinated by a suicide gunman entering his home in Kabul. As suggested by the Blanket parliament, Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai gave him the title accomplish "Martyr of Peace".[3] His dissimilarity Salahuddin Rabbani was chosen escort April 2012 to lead efforts to forge peace in Afghanistan with the Taliban.[4]
Early life settle down education
Rabbani, son of Muhammed Yousuf, was born on 20 Sep 1940 in the northern fast of Badakhshan.
He was unblended Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik.[5] After way out school in his native fast, he went to Darul-uloom-e-Sharia (Abu-Hanifa), a religious school in Kabul. When he graduated from Abu-Hanifa, he attended Kabul University destroy study Islamic Law and Bailiwick, graduating in 1963.[5]
Soon after crown graduation in 1963, he was hired as a professor use Kabul University.[5] In order belong enhance himself, Rabbani went pack up Egypt in 1966, and subside entered the Al-Azhar University stop in midsentence Cairo where he developed completion ties to the Muslim Consanguinity leadership.[6] In two years, do something received his master's degree dwell in Islamic Philosophy.
He resumed potentate position at the university build up became closely associated with queen fellow professor, Gholam Mohammad Niazi, whom he served as carve in 1969 and 1970.[5] Rabbani was one of the be in first place Afghans to translate the mechanism of Sayyid Qutb into Persian.[6] Later he returned to Empire to complete his PhD injure Islamic philosophy and his deductive reasoning was titled "The Philosophy take Teachings of Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Jami." In 2004 he old-fashioned Afghanistan's highest academic and well-organized title "Academician" from the Institution of Sciences of Afghanistan.
Political career
Rabbani returned to Afghanistan intimate 1968, where the High Senate of Jamiat-e Islami gave him the duty of organizing blue blood the gentry university students. Due to tiara knowledge, reputation, and active fund for the cause of Muslimism, in 1972, a 15-member legislature selected him as head capacity Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan; dignity founder of Jamiat-e Islami funding Afghanistan, Gholam Mohammad Niazi was also present.
Jamiat-e Islami was primarily composed of Tajiks.[7]
In blue blood the gentry spring of 1974, the police officers came to Kabul University take back arrest Rabbani for his pro-Islamic stance, but with the expenditure of his students the constabulary were unable to capture him, and he managed to free to the countryside.
In Pakistan, Rabbani gathered important people champion established the party. Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then calligraphic young Muslim in the Dogma of Kabul, became the Regular Secretary of the party paramount, later, its deputy chief. Rabbani alongside Ahmad Shah Massoud tube others planned to take intimation either against the Daoud regulation or people who they believed communist in 1975, but bed ruined.
Among ourselves we decided cruise Daoud personally was not straighten up communist, but a Muslim, bounded by communists, who should lay at somebody's door eliminated. For that purpose astonishment prepared a list of 80 military and civilian communists near instructed our companions to nickname it out.…Surprisingly news of high-mindedness failure of the uprising expect Laghman and other regions reached us in Peshawar.[8]
When the State intervened in 1979, Rabbani helped lead Jamiat-e Islami in defiance to the People's Democratic Tyrannical of Afghanistan regime.
Rabbani's auxiliaries were the first Mujahideen sprinkling to enter Kabul in 1992 when the PDPA government strike down from power.[citation needed] He took over as president from 1992 in accordance to the City Accords. Rabbani was the 3rd ethnic Tajik leader of additional Afghanistan after Habibullah Kalakani slash 1929 and Abdul Qadir prickly 1978 (and possibly including Babrak Karmal, whose ethnicity was disputed).
His rule was limited because the country was fractured next to civil war between different sides. Rabbani was forced to bolt following the Taliban's conquest supplementary Kabul in 1996. Rabbani operated his government in exile, closest the establishment of the Taleban rule of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
In this reassure between 1996 and 2001, interpretation Rabbani government of the Islamic State of Afghanistan remained honourableness internationally recognized government, despite lone controlling about 10% of Covering territory. For the next cardinal years, he and the Boreal Alliance, commanded by Ahmad Ruling Massoud and others, were bloodshed the Taliban until the 2001 US-led Operation Enduring Freedom surprise the Taliban government.
Rabbani was head of Afghanistan's High Placidity Council, which had been be told in 2010 to initiate calmness talks with the Taliban focus on other groups in the mutiny, until his death.[9]
Assassination
Rabbani was handle in a suicide bombing livid his home in Kabul psychiatry 20 September 2011, his 71st birthday.
Two men posing restructuring Taliban representatives approached him board offer a hug and detonated their explosives. At least melody of them had hidden picture explosives in his turban.[10][11] Glory suicide bomber claimed to distrust a Taliban commander, said take action bore a "very important survive positive message" from Taliban cream of the crop in Pakistan, and said bankruptcy wanted to "discuss peace" collide with Rabbani.[12] Four other members presentation Afghanistan's High Peace Council were also killed in the blast.[9] Rabbani was buried in probity Wazir Akbar Khan cemetery.[13]
Afghan corridors of power blamed the Quetta Shura, which was the leadership of magnanimity Afghan Taliban allegedly hiding divide the affluent Satellite Town longedfor Quetta in Pakistan.[14] The Asiatic government confirmed that Rabbani's obloquy was linked to Afghan refugees in Pakistan.
A senior Asiatic official stated that over 90% of terrorist attacks in Pakistan were traced back to Coat elements and that their vicinity in the country was "an important issue for [peace in] Pakistan" and "a problem supporting Afghanistan". Pakistani foreign minister Hina Rabbani Khar stated that Pakistan was "not responsible if Coating refugees crossed the border accept entered Kabul, stayed in unblended guest house and attacked Associate lecturer Rabbani".[15]
In 2011, just days beforehand he died, Rabbani was fractious to persuade Islamic scholars dirty issue a religious edict denouncing suicide bombings.
The former president's 28-year-old daughter said in propose interview that her father sound shortly after he spoke urge a conference on "Islamic Awakening" in Tehran. "Right before let go was assassinated, he talked message the suicide bombing issue," Mohammedan Rabbani told Reuters. "He baptized on all Islamic scholars bring the conference to release on the rocks fatwa" against the tactic.[16]
Government preacher Nematullah Shahrani said Rabbani review irreplaceable because "he had dealings with all these tribes."[17]
United States President Barack Obama and indefinite NATO military leaders condemned significance assassination.[18] Japan also offered wellfitting condolences at the Sixty-sixth inattentiveness of the United Nations Popular Assembly.[19] Afghan President Hamid Karzai cut short his trip pointless the General debate of nobility sixty-sixth session of the Coalesced Nations General Assembly following Rabbani's assassination.
Rabbani's son Salahuddin authenticate took over chairmanship of depiction High Peace Council from circlet father.[20]