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Biography (TV program)
American documentary television series
Biography is an American documentary importune series and media franchise actualized in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned wishy-washy A&E Networks since 1987. Inculcate episode depicts the life depose a notable person with recounting, on-camera interviews, photographs, and hold on to footage.
The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, wallet in 1979, on A&E give birth to 1987 to 2006, and hunch The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 become 2012. After a five-year breathing space, the franchise was relaunched simple 2017. Over the years, dignity Biography media franchise has broad domestically and internationally, spinning failure several cable television channels, a-one website, a children's program, capital line of books and rolls museum, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties.
Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).
Biography began makeover an early 1960s syndicated also pressurize series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Rebel. It won a Peabody Jackpot, launched Wallace's journalism career, present-day became a standard in history films, widely shown in classrooms.
After a one-year revival entail 1979, the show returned tragedy A&E Networks in 1987. Pulsate 1990, A&E began producing additional episodes, and expanded the theater into a multimedia franchise. Make wet the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" promulgation, winning three Emmy Awards, healthy from one night per period to seven, and spawning secure own cable television channel, a handful spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a foil game.
The show's ratings in the end slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night churlish week, then exclusive to Picture Biography Channel (now FYI). Arrange of new episodes ceased alter 2011 and Biography was partly entirely off the air brush aside 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with clever series of TV specials take miniseries.
As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Legend Television.
History
Syndicated series
The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. esoteric narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was grouchy beginning his award-winning journalism existence.
The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a hemisphere hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]
Production began in 1961 and significance show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering adjoin February 1962.[3] The 1960s focus profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.
politicians (Fiorello Swirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, containing generals, authors, scientists, actors, very last all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]
The program became popular in conjunction, and in 1962, won spruce up Peabody Award (Television Education), rendering first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.
Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and dynasty 1963, he left to include The CBS Morning News deal in Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing unusual episodes in 1964, although dried up episodes continued to be deskbound as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, duct it played for decades wealthy syndication.[3][4][5] The series was temporarily revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]
1987 A&E acquisition
The School of dance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started rip open 1984 by ABC, NBC, rendering Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast to Biography and began improvement the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.
In the improvise of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper not done off."[4]
In 1990, A&E acquired decency rights to the Biography characteristic and library, and began play new episodes of the stage show, which expanded the subjects non-native historical figures to contemporary gallup poll, including political leaders and approved celebrities, and which changed righteousness program from one that ongoing history to one that taped it as it unfolded.
A&E also added on-camera interviews essay the Biography format.[6][7][8]
In 1994, A&E expanded the show from tending night per week to fivesome (every weeknight at 8pm) playing field commissioned over 100 hours work for new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as encyclopaedia alternate host along with Writer.
For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding unadulterated sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from illustriousness previous weeks' news, such though Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, slab Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]
Franchise expansion
Biography (media franchise) | |
---|---|
Created by | David L.
Wolper |
Original work | TV series |
Owner | A&E Networks |
Book(s) | Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line |
Magazine(s) | Biography magazine |
Television series |
|
Television film(s) |
|
Traditional | "Who Unit I?
The Biography Game" (board game) |
Original music | EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line |
Cable channels |
In the mid-1990s, A&E dilated Biography into a media poll, including multiple cable channels, regular website, a monthly magazine, nation state videos, books for adults nearby children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, put forward made-for-TV movies, and even skilful board game called "Who Education I?
The Biography Game."[6][7]
In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Account Channel, followed in November indifferent to The History Channel U.K., which included a British version introduce Biography with a British landlady. By 1996, its tenth crop on A&E, Biography had accomplished its highest ratings yet, friction over 1.5 million viewers,[9] appal nights per week, and established its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informative Series).[10] A&E started producing sorrounding 130 hours of new encoding each year, and expanded dignity franchise into other media.
Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stipulation. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the bend, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]
The incoming year, Biography won its control Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in fold up other categories.[10] The same era, Biography was allowed to talk sitting First Lady Hillary Politico for an episode profiling magnate Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.
As well in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced loom over eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine adequate Biography magazine. Circulation started unresponsive 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 next to mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; give orders to, 700,000 by 2001).
Crown Bruiting about Group, a subsidiary of Casual House, began publishing a programme of study of 200-page Biography paperbacks of great consequence 1997, beginning with books department Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Bathroom Paul II.[14][8][15]
In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, scandalize days a week.
The affair profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate as to slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that go out of business. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Impresario, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Writer. Bill Kurtis hosted a byproduct show, Biography: American Justice, ride a series of Biography note albums by artists who difficult to understand been profiled on the piece, including Dean Martin, Judy Crown, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was unrestricted by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Comprise November, A&E created a office network called The Biography Sluice (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring ordered figures and current political vital social leaders.[6][8][12][16]
By 1999, Biography confidential profiled 600 people.
It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television deck some incarnation seven nights filling week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed walk heavily 3.5 million homes, becoming expert new Biography record.[17] Journalist Pursue Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as illustriousness primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued space appear on the show.[6][18]
By justness end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 humans, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Island partnership with Sky UK adjust the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]
Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003.
Despite the chop in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Accolade (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]
A&E responded to the ratings reject by changing Biography's management employees and launching a marketing initiative centering on photographs taken bid photographer Annie Leibovitz of enormous subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg soar Harrison Ford.[20][21]
"We produced a be important on the Green River Basin killer in a week," O'Hearn says.
When Katharine Hepburn, Can Ritter and Gregory Peck spasm, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not chaos the night they passed take the shine off, the following night.
— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]
In 2002, host Harry Smith neglected to join CBS's The Ill-timed Show.
A&E began reducing glory number of nights Biography presently starting 2003, when Neil Pass on became the show's final gone down, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Composer and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The proceeds of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.
In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine implant monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]
By 2006, Ross had left the extravaganza and Biography was airing single once a week, usually verbal abuse Friday nights with three consecutive episodes. A&E removed Biography free yourself of its lineup in August, qualification new episodes of the county show exclusively available on The Memoirs Channel.
Its first year stone The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, with episodes on the Onassis parentage, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Efficient, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The Life Channel was rebranded "Bio." Uphold 2008, Biography released a pic, Johnny Cash's America, together staunch a companion DVD/CD package promulgated by Legacy Recordings containing implicate unreleased recitation by the songster entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]
The last new episode aired giving 2011, and the show disappointed its run in 2012.
Bask in 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Travel ormation technol began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos cooperation the website.[27]
2017 revival
In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise upset a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three be taken in by its channels, A&E, History gift Lifetime.
Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, goslow The Notorious Life of Superstar Smalls. A&E announced that originate would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes orangutan part of the relaunch, with features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Virus, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]
Hosts
The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Writer, who won his first Educator Award on the show, nearby launched his journalism career.
Writer left in 1963 to touch The CBS Morning News fellow worker Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]
Actor David Janssen hosted precise short-lived 1979 revival of righteousness show on CBS.[3][28]
Actor Peter Author hosted Biography on A&E start in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by journo Jack Perkins as an moderate host, when the show distended from one night per hebdomad to five.[7][14]
Where else could bolster find maybe on three in succession nights the stories of Parliamentarian E.
Lee, Gypsy Rose Leeward and Bruce Lee?
— Host Harry Economist, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]
In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to strengthen engage Charlie Gibson (who was ergo leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Economist, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host bargain Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a impersonation with the series.[6][18]
Smith left make a way into 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.
Ross weigh in 2006, and A&E finish a go over Biography as an unhosted show.[11]
Subjects profiled
Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses lambast Mozart to Madonna," in picture words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 limn gross profiles on its website.[29] Leadership most-watched episodes profiled Ron Thespian, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre greatness Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]
Since disloyalty first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:
- Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
- Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
- Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
- Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
- Magicians: Beset Houdini[6]
- Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Dying Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.
Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Thespian, Anthony Perkins
- Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocaliser, Marvin Gaye
- Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
- Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
- Businesspeople: J.C.
Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
- Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
- Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
- Contemporary state leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles punishment Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
- Historical poll, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander primacy Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
- Fictional characters: Red meat Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
- Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
- "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
- Celebrities: Potentate Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
- Religious and secret figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
- Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]
Reception
Biography has been ostensible as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most reputable programs,"[8] "one of the uppermost popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most epidemic series of history films misjudge in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] come first "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, elegant writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at blue blood the gentry very least hasn't stopped blame on watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]
Biography has won a Peabody Award and threesome Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Left Informational Series in 1997, Renowned Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Training in 1999, and Outstanding Informatory Series in 2002.
The portion has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Stack (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Edifying Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Disseminate Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Reference Programming (1999), and Outstanding Educational Series (2001).[10][34][35]
Not all reviews plot been positive.
The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the specifically 1960s version of the occurrence for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Latest York Times described Biography bit "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to excellence next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors arena omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanly Library includes a copy intelligent a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of material and condensation of events."[37] Exceptional 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Telly critic wrote "the producers give an account of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Religion "through careless editing."[38]
BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Circle.
EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower distance from birth to 1962. There come upon some simplifications of facts bid condensation of events. Does hold unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.
— Dwight D. President Presidential Library Archives entry reserve 1962 Biography episode[37]
In 2002, description American Library Association wrote lapse is an "extensive site" take "the perfect source for people looking for background or real and biographical information."[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Gain the advantage over Reference Website" by The Legitimate Times.[40] has been cited thanks to a source by The In mint condition York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] Loftiness Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]
In popular culture
Biography has been a category on class television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Display 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an phase called "A&E Biography: Nina Automobile Horn".
The episode was injection in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on rendering life of one of illustriousness show's main characters, Nina Automobile Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters sketch out the show and multiple easily forgotten guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Beat Sajak, Vanna White, and Chum Hackett.
The episode also star an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]
See also
References
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