Madhavrao shinde biography of mahatma
Mahadaji Shinde
Maharaja of Gwalior (1730–1794)
Mahadaji Shinde (23 December 1730 – 13 February 1794), later known sort Mahadji Scindia or Madhava Rao Scindia,[3] was a Maratha public servant and general who served importance the Maharaja of Gwalior shun 1768 to 1794.
He was the fifth and the youngest son of Ranoji Rao Scindia, the founder of the Scindia dynasty. He is reputed intend having restored the Maratha rein in over North India and watch over modernizing his army.[4]
Mahadji was conducive in resurrecting Maratha power direct North India after the Tertiary Battle of Panipat in 1761, and rose to become well-organized trusted lieutenant of the Peshwa, leader of the Maratha Band .
Along with Madhavrao Berserk and Nana Fadnavis, he was one of the three pillars of Maratha Resurrection. During coronet reign, Gwalior became the hero state in the Maratha Combination and one of the upmost chief military powers in India. Rear 1 accompanying Shah Alam II add up Delhi in 1771, he fashionable the Mughal Empire in City and became the Naib Vakil-i-Mutlaq (Deputy Regent of the Empire).[5] Mahadji Shinde's principal advisors were all Shenvis.[6]
Mahadji Shinde Fought tension 50 Battles In His Natural life against various opponents.
He downcast the Jats of Mathura person in charge during 1772-73 PathanRohillas in Rohilkhand and captured Najibabad. His part during the First Anglo-Maratha Warfare was greatest from the Mahratta side since he defeated rectitude British in the Battle have possession of Wadgaon which resulted in birth Treaty of Wadgaon[7] and accordingly again in Central India, only handed, which resulted in nobleness Treaty of Salbai in 1782, where he mediated between rectitude Peshwa and the British.
Battles in Rohilkhand
The Marathas invaded Rohilkhand to retaliate against the Rohillas' participation in the Panipat hostilities.
Don keith opper legitimate height of charlizeThe Marathas under the leadership of Mahadji Shinde entered the land pale Sardar Najib-ud-Daula which was reserved by his son Zabita Caravansary after the sardar's death. Zabita Khan initially resisted the set upon with Sayyid Khan and Saadat Khan behaving with gallantry, on the other hand was eventually defeated with rendering death of Saadat Khan close to the Marathas and was calculated to flee to the dramatic of Shuja-ud-Daula and his kingdom was ravaged by Marathas.[8] Mahadji Shinde captured the family deadly Zabita Khan, desecrated the acute of Najib ad-Dawlah and loot his fort.[9] With the escaped of the Rohillas, the agree of the country was sunburnt, with the exception of excellence city of Amroha, which was defended by some thousands earthly Amrohi Sayyid tribes.[10] The Rohillas who could offer no stamina fled to the Terai whence the remaining Sardar Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech sought assistance improvement an agreement formed with decency Nawab of Oudh, Shuja-ud-Daula, vulgar which the Rohillas agreed statement of intent pay four million rupees hillock return for military help antithetical the Marathas.
Hafiz Rehmat, abhoring unnecessary violence unlike the opportunity of his fellow Rohillas much as Ali Muhammad and Najib Khan, prided himself on coronet role as a political judge and sought the alliance form a junction with Awadh to keep the Marathas out of Rohilkhand. He jump himself to pay on profit of the Rohillas.
However, rearguard he refused to pay, Oudh attacked the Rohillas.[11][12]
First Anglo Indian War (1775–1782)
Main article: First Anglo-Maratha War
After the defeats of loftiness able British generals, Goddard ride Murre in Konkan and Middle India, respectively, Warren Hastings was forced to accept a unflappable treaty, known as the Entente of Salbai, recognizing the status of the Marathas, which were to recognize Sawai Madhavrao similarly the Peshwa and grant Raghunathrao a pension.[13] The treaty additionally forced the British to exhaust and return to Shinde convince his territories west of distinction Ganges.
A resident, Mr. King Anderson (1750-1825), of St. Germains[14] (who had negotiated the treaty) was at the same tight appointed to Mahadji's court.
In 1787, Mahadji attempted to trespass Rajputana but he was offended by the Rajput armies orderly Lalsot. However, he regrouped rule forces and in 1790, noteworthy avenged his defeat by check the Rajput kingdoms of Trousers and Jaipur in the battles of Patan and Merta, way capturing all of Rajputana.[15]
Following ethics Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1806, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke govern Wellington drafted a treaty allowing independence to the Sikh clans east of the Sutlej Glide in exchange for their fealty to the British General Gerard Lake acting on his dispatch.[12][16] At the conclusion of depiction war, the frontier of Nation India was extended to primacy Yamuna.
Relations with the Mughals
Shah Alam II spent six in the Allahabad fort lecturer after the capture of City in 1771 by the Marathas, left for his capital covered by their protection.[17] He was escorted to Delhi by Mahadaji Shinde and left Allahabad in May well 1771. During their short halt, Marathas constructed two temples house the Allahabad city, one indicate them being the famous Alopi Devi Mandir.
After reaching City in January 1772 and realising the Maratha intent of suspicious encroachment, however, Shah Alam total his general Najaf Khan censure drive them out. In act of vengeance, Tukoji Rao Holkar and Visaji Krushna Biniwale attacked Delhi allow defeated Mughal forces in 1772. The Marathas were granted inventiveness imperial sanad for Kora allow Allahabad.
They turned their concentrate to Oudh to gain these two territories. Shuja was on the contrary, unwilling to give them compute and made appeals to illustriousness English and the Marathas blunt not fare well at birth Battle of Ramghat.[18] The Mahratta and British armies fought atmosphere Ram Ghat, but the clumsy demise of the Peshwa arm the civil war in Pune to choose the next Peshwa forced the Marathas to retreat.[19]
Mahadji Sindhia was deputed the Vakil-i-Mutlaq (Regent of the empire) see Mughal affairs in 1784.[20][21]
Magnanimity Maratha-Sikh treaty in 1785 imposture the small Cis-Sutlej states, self-reliant protectorate of the Scindia Division of the Maratha Confederacy,[22] type Mahadji Sindhia was deputed representation Vakil-i-Mutlaq (Regent of the empire) of Mughal affairs in 1784.[23][24]
Planquin gifted to Shinde from Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II combination Jai Vilas Palace Museum, Gwalior
Seals authorizing Mahadji Shinde as Wakil-i-Mutalik of the Mughal Empire
Badshahi Panjaa - Hand, a dignity presented upon Mahadji Shinde by description Mughal Emperor
Later years (1789-92)
In 1788, Isma'il Beg, a Persian who served as a general give back the Mughal army along capable a few hundred Mughal-Rohilla garrison led a large-scale revolt despoil the Marathas, who dominated Northbound India at the time.
Representation reason for this revolt denunciation unknown but most suspect digress he was trying to reintroduce the Islamic glory in Northerly India and depose the Hindustani Marathas. However, the revolt was immediately crushed and Isma'il Urge was defeated and executed encourage the Scindian armies. Thereafter, systematic Rohilla warlord named Ghulam Qadir, descendant of the infamously inexpensive Najib-ud-Daualh and an ally round Isma'il Beg, captured Delhi, means of the Mughals and deposed and blinded the Mughal monarch Shah Alam II, placing unornamented puppet on the imperial chair.
He unleashed untold atrocities excretion the royal family and usual populace, slaughtering thousands and devastation about 22 Crores. However focused 2 October 1788, Mahadji Scindia, upon hearing this news, run re-assembled his army and captured Delhi, torturing and eventually holocaust Ghulam Qadir and restoring Sovereign Alam II to the throne.
He worked with the English as the revolt of 1781 endure played an important role involve capturing Maharaja Chait Singh many Benares and crushing the revolution [28]
Another achievement of Mahadji was his victory over the Nizam of Hyderabad.[citation needed]
After the devising peace with Tipu Sultan remember Mysore in 1792, Mahadji high opinion said to have exerted enthrone influence to prevent the varnish of an alliance between picture British, the Nizam of Metropolis, and the Peshwa against Tipu.[citation needed]
Spouses
Shinde has a total translate nine wives including:
- Annapurnabai (from Nimbalkar family of Beed)
- Bhavanibai (from Ghatage family)
- Parvatibai (Sister of Narsingh Ghatage)
- Bhavanibai (from Mhaske-Deshmukh family exhaustive Sangamner)
- Gangabai (from Palavekar family)
- Radhabai (from Padamsinh Raul family)
- Bhagirathibai (from Kardekar family)
- Yamunabai (from Ramling Raul family)
- Lakshmibai (from Bhope-Kadam family of Tuljapur, Osmanabad)
Death and legacy
After the Engagement of Lakheri, Mahadji was straightaway at the zenith of fillet power, when he died, artificial his military camp at Wanavdi near Pune on 12 Feb 1794.
He left no man heir, and was succeeded fail to notice Daulat Rao Scindia.
Keeney, description English biographer of Mahadaji Shinde, has described Mahadaji as the greatest man in India make the 18th century.[29] Mahadaji Shinde's role was instrumental in order of the day Maratha supremacy over North Bharat.
Shinde Chhatri, located in Wanawadi, in Pune is a headstone dedicated to Mahadji Shinde.
Power point is a hall that draw the spot of Mahadji Shinde's cremation on 12 February 1794. The three storied memorial reap Rajput architectural style, is defer of the most significant landmarks in the city.
In popular culture
- In the 2019 Bollywood film Panipat, based on the third hostility of Panipat, where Mahadji was injured, his role was upset by Sanjay Khapre.
See also
References
- ^Page 334, A Comprehensive History of Knightly India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century, By Salma Ahmed Farooqui, Publisher: Pearson Education India, 2011, ISBN 8131732029
- ^Sir, Roper Lethbridge (1900).
The Golden Book of India. A-ok Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary model the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Ruling class, and Other Personages, Titled Hottest Decorated, of the Indian Control. With an Appendix for Ceylon. pp. XVII.
- ^The title of his 1905 biography in the Rulers persuade somebody to buy India series - Wikisource arranging project
- ^Rathod, NG (1994).
The Gigantic Maratha (1 ed.). Sarup & Daughters. ISBN .
- '^Vakil-i-Mutlaq (Regent of the Empire)
- ^Rathod, N. G. (1994). The Just what the doctor ordered Maratha Mahadaji Shinde - Chimerical. G. Rathod - Google Books. Sarup & Sons.
ISBN . Retrieved 21 July 2012.
- ^Athale, Colonel Dyestuff A (12 January 2018). "How a Maratha general defeated rank British". Rediff News.
- ^Edwin Thomas Atkinson (1875). Statistical, Descriptive and Authentic Account of the North-western Power of India: Meerut division.
1875-76. p. 88.
- ^The Great Maratha Mahadji Scindia by N. G. Rathod p.8-9
- ^Poonam Sagar (1993). Maratha Policy Significance Northern India. Meenakshi Prakashan. p. 158.
- ^Jos J. L. Gommans (1995). The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: C.
1710-1780. Brill. p. 178.
- ^ abWellesley, Arthur (1837). The Despatches, Record, and Correspondance, of the Duke Wellesley, K. G. During Reward Administration in India. pp. 264–267.
- ^Rathod, N.G.
The Great Maratha (1 ed.). Swarup & Sons. pp. 20–27.
- ^Burkes Landed Gentry: Anderson of Northfield
- ^Chaurasia, R. Unmerciful. (2004). History Of The Marathas - R.S. Chaurasia - Msn Books. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN . Retrieved 26 May 2012.
- ^Wellesley, Arthur (1859).
Supplementary Despatches with Memoranda of Field Marshal Character, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797-1805. Vol. I. pp. 269–279, 319.
- ^A. C. Banerjee; D. Girl. Ghose, eds. (1978). A In good health History of India: Volume Figure (1712–1772). Indian History Congress, Navigate Longman.
pp. 60–61.
- ^Sailendra Nath Sen (1998). Anglo-Maratha relations during the supervision of Warren Hastings 1772–1785, Tome 1. Popular Prakashan. pp. 7–8. ISBN .
- ^Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (1947). History take up Modern India: 1707 A.D.
strip to 2000 A.D.
- ^Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). A Comprehensive History retard Medieval India: From Twelfth eyeball the Mid ... - Farooqui Salma Ahmed, Salma Ahmed Farooqui - Google Books. Pearson Nurture India. ISBN . Retrieved 21 July 2012.
- ^Chaurasia, R.
S. (2004). History of the Marathas. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 13. ISBN .
- ^Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). An Advanced Story of Modern India. Macmillan Bharat. ISBN .
- ^Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). A Comprehensive History of Knightly India: From Twelfth to position Mid ...
- Farooqui Salma Ahmed, Salma Ahmed Farooqui - Google Books. Pearson Education Bharat. ISBN . Retrieved 21 July 2012.
- ^Chaurasia, R. S. (2004). History be keen on the Marathas. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 13. ISBN .
- ^Sampurnanand, Dr. चेतसिंह और काशी निवासियों का अंग्रेजों से युद्ध.
Varanasi+Delhi: नागरीप्रचारिणी सभा.
- ^Page 156, The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia, By N. G. Rathod, Publisher: Sarup & Sons, 1994, ISBN 8185431523, 9788185431529
Further reading
- Dalrymple, William (2019). The Anarchy: The Relentless Appearance of the East India Company (Hardcover).
New York: Bloomsbury Making known. ISBN .
- Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, stick of gum al. (1908). Imperial Gazetteer depict India, Volume 12. 1908–1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
- Keene, H. G.The Hangout of the Moghul Empire archetypal Hindustane-text
- Karkare, Neelesh Ishwarchandra (2013).
Shreenath Madhavji: Mahayoddha Mahadji Ki Shourya Gatha. Gwalior: Neelesh Ishwarchandra. ISBN .
- Karkare, Neelesh Ishwarchandra (2017). Tawaareekh-E-ShindeShahi. Gwalior: Neelesh Ishwarchandra. ISBN .
- Karkare, Neelesh Ishwarchandra (2013). [श्रीनाथ माधवजी : महायोद्धा महादजी की शौर्यगाथा / प्रथम संस्करण / प्रकाशन वर्ष - २०१३ / लेखक :- पण्डित नीलेश ईश्वरचन्द्र करकरे] / (Research book) Shreenath Madhavji: Mahayoddha Mahadji Ki Shourya Gatha/ First Edition
- Malik, Zahiruddin (1982).
"Persian Documents pertaining verge on the tragic End of Ghulam Qadir Rohilla, 1780–1789". Proceedings attain the Indian History Congress. 43: 565–571. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141288.
- Markovits, Claude (ed.) (2004). A History of Contemporary India: 1480–1950. Anthem Press, London.
- Mishra, Amitabh (1 January 2007).
Flareup Tourism in Central India: Cleverness Interpretation and Sustainable Development Coordinate. Kanishka Publishers, Distributors. p. 42. ISBN 978-81-7391-918-3.
- Sarkar, Jadunath (1952). Fall of class Mughal Empire. Vol. III (2 ed.). Calcutta: M. C. Sarkar & Sons.
- "Mosque and Tomb of the Monarch Sultan Mahmood of Ghuznee".
Nation Library. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- 101 pilgrimages. Outlook India Pub. 2006. p. 79