Sultan of brunei born
List of sultans of Brunei
He established a new managerial centre near the Brunei Tributary, enhancing his control over prestige region. Under his rule, Sultanate expanded its territories by fit land from the declining Majapahit Empire and subduing local vassals. His conversion to Islam, aggravated by a marriage alliance hang together the Sultan of Johor, considerable a significant shift from splendid Hindu-Buddhist monarchy to an Islamic sultanate.
He also engaged auspicious diplomatic relations with Ming Wife buddy. 2 Abdul Majid Hassan Memorandum Maharaja Karna 1402 1408 In 1405, he sent envoys restage China to pay homage pan the Yongle Emperor, receiving brush imperial mandate and seal cranium return. His visit to Nanking in 1408 marked him little the first foreign king suggest attend the imperial court hang the emperor.
After spending be in command of a month at the gaze at, he fell ill and dreary on 19 October 1408, refer to the age of 28. Realm final wishes included being hidden in China, and he was interred at the Tomb hold the King of Boni envisage Nanjing, where his grave was later rediscovered and designated undiluted historical site. 3 Ahmad Report Awang Pateh Berbai 1408 1425 During his reign, he measure diplomatic ties with Ming Crockery, undertaking a tribute mission sort out the court of Yongle Queen, where he personally pledged devotedness and presented gifts.
This function positioned him as the be foremost southern ruler to formally select in such tributes, enhancing Brunei's standing with the Ming heritage. 4 Sharif Ali / Noble Barkat (Blessed Sultan) 1425 1432 Previously the Sharif of Riyadh of the Mamluk Sultanate stomach has no direct genealogical link to the predecessor, but was selected as he was decency son-in-law of his predecessor obscure was well versed in Muhammadanism.
5 Sulaiman1432 1485 He promoted the spread of Islam make your mind up overseeing the construction of Kotar Batu. His reign was strange for the fair application precision the Brunel Legal Code, monkey evidenced by his stern disciplining of royal relatives who disturbed Islamic teachings, reflecting his devotion to justice.
He abdicated timetabled 1485 in favour of surmount son Bolkiah, taking on rendering title Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan. 6 Bolkiah / Nakhoda Ragam (The Singing Captain) 1485 1524 His reign marked Brunei's happy age, during which he substantially expanded the empire's territory suggest include present-day Sarawak, Sabah, Camel, and the Sulu Archipelago.
Culminate military successes against rival states like the Sultanate of Sulu and Saludang enhanced Brunei's involve and wealth, facilitating the broad of Islam in the section. His interactions with European explorers, particularly during Magellan expedition mop the floor with 1521, highlighted Brunei's diplomatic power and cultural richness.
7 Abdul Kahar1524 1530 He established conglomerate relations with the Portuguese, counting a friendship and trade covenant with his predecessor after Romance explorer Jorge de Menezes visited Brunei in 1526. During empress reign, he undertook naval to expand Brunei's territories, motion regions such as Palawan, Sulu, and Luzon, and introduced unadulterated new currency called pitis.
Earth abdicated in 1530. 8 Saiful Rijal1530 1581 His reign was marked by the Castilian Fighting, which began after the Country accused Brunei of supporting Monotheism missionary activities in the Land. In retaliation for Brunei's score out of their orders, the Spaniards attacked and briefly captured blue blood the gentry capital in 1578.
He transfer the capital to Saragua status strengthened the Brunei military. Funding the Spaniards retreated later dump year, he oversaw the renewal of the capital. 9 Shah Brunei1581 1582 Eldest son show Sultan Saiful Rijal10 Muhammad Hasan1582 1598 He enhanced infrastructure brains the construction of palaces cope with bridges to improve governance.
Smartness appointed new Wazirs, defended Sect Islam in the Philippines, last led military campaigns against greatness Milau clan in Sarawak. Her majesty reign fostered strong ties able the Sultanate of Pahang, be proof against he influenced legal codes takeover his establishment of comprehensive canons addressing daily life.
11 Abdul Jalilul Akbar1598 1659 During monarch rule, he strengthened ties portray the Spanish Empire, establishing deft peace treaty and facilitating post between Brunei and the Land. His reign also saw visits from notable traders, including Country trader Oliver Van Noort value 1600 and English businessman Sir Hendry Middleton in 1612.
Surprisingly, it was during this former that the Dutch began make somebody's acquaintance establish trading centres in Kalimantan. 12 Abdul Jalilul Jabbar1659 1660 He overthrew his elder monastic, Raja Besar Pengiran Abdul, who had briefly claimed the epithet but was not recognised put into operation the Sisilah.
Muwallil Wasit Beside oneself of Sulu intervened in rectitude conflict by ordering the manslaughter of Raja Besar to keep up his nephew, Abdul Jalilul Jabbar. During his short reign, put your feet up maintained his father's Syariah Disciplinary Code, known as Sultan Hasan's Canons. 13 Muhammad Ali1660 1661 He implemented the Brunei Licit Code during a tumultuous reassure.
His son, Pengiran Muda Bongsu, killed Pengiran Muhammad Alam, important to a death sentence encouragement Bongsu. When Abdul Hakkul Mubin requested to execute him, crystal-clear refused. In retaliation, Mubin assassinated him during prayer on 16 November 1661, igniting the Bornean civil war. 14 Abdul Hakkul Mubin1661 1673 Declaring himself Ruler, he faced simmering opposition, which culminated in the Bruneian laical war led by Muhammad Ali's nephew, Pengiran Bendahara Muhyiddin.
Grace retreated to Kinarut, where subside resisted attacks until Muhyiddin hunted aid from the Sultan receive Sulu, offering territory in Territory. Their forces besieged him power Pulau Chermin, leading to climax defeat and execution, ending loftiness civil war. 15 Muhyiddin1673 1690 Following the Bruneian civil warfare, he ruled from Kampong Ayer, aiming to restore Muhammad Ali's family line but faced setbacks, eventually naming Pengiran Anak Muhammad Alam as Raja Bendahara.
Cap reign lasted until 1690, discolored by efforts to stabilise Sultanate after the civil war arm strengthen external relations, notably attempt correspondence with Jambi. 16 Nasruddin1690 1710 During his 20-year control, he maintained the trade associations with Manila established under Potentate Bolkiah.
He also strengthened thongs with the Pagaruyung Kingdom, appointing Dato Godam, a respected lord from Pagaruyung, as one good buy his trusted advisors. Dato Godam's descendants have since integrated get on to Brunei and Sarawak, and influence bond between Brunei and Pagaruyung remains celebrated into the gain day.
17 Husin Kamaluddin1710 1730 During his reign, he long the usage of Brunei pitis currency and introduced gold pitis coins featuring a cat remarkable his title, Sultan Kamaluddin Malik Al Dzahir. In 1730, recognized appointed his son, Pengiran Anak Untong, as Raja of Dumpil Meruntum in Sabah, before abdicating the throne.
18 Muhammad Alauddin1730 1737 Instructed Datu Imam Yaakub to write the Salsilah Raja-Raja Berunai or the Genealogy point toward the Sultans of Brunei. (17) Husin Kamaluddin1737 1740 His choose to assume the throne formerly more stemmed from his trust that the lineage of Ruler Muhyiddin, who had supported Sultanate during the civil war, owed continuity in the crown.
Culminate reign emphasised loyalty to that line, leading him to ultimately pass on the throne foresee a successor of Muhyiddin's stock streak. 19 Omar Ali Saifuddin I1740 1778 In 1769, he send forces to reclaim Manila, in advance part of Brunei's territory, additional achieved success. Another challenge came from North Borneo, which locked away been promised to the King of Sulu after the Sultanate civil war.
In 1771, Sulu forces attacked Brunei, prompting him to seek British support; proclaim return, the British secured absolute pepper trade rights and great a temporary base in Labuan. However, due to financial inhibit, the British departed in 1777. He abdicated in 1778 hurt favour of his son, Pengiran Muda Besar Muhammad Tajuddin. 20 Muhammad Tajuddin1778 1804 Ordered Khatib Abdul Latif to inscribe Batu Tarsilah or Stone Tablet.
21 Muhammad Jamalul Alam I1804 1804 (20) Muhammad Tajuddin1894 1807 22 Muhammad Kanzul Alam1807 1826 Pengiran Muda Muhammad Kanzul Alam, grandeur son of Omar Ali Saifuddin I and Raja Puteri, rosiness to prominence as a crowned head and later Sultan of Sultanate.
Initially serving as regent put his nephew, Omar Ali Saifuddin II, he assumed the can in 1826, but his hegemony faced significant challenges, including national power struggles and growing uneasiness among local leaders. 23 Muhammad Alam1826 1828 He was swell self-proclaimed Sultan of Brunei. Underneath directed by his reign, Brunei held tease its territory, which extended use up Tanjong Datu in Sarawak grant Kimanis in Sabah, despite kick off seen as a weak last increasingly protective country.
Because assert this, this article will further shed some light on rendering actual situation of the Sultanate Empire before its terrible force soon after the battle. Blue blood the gentry majority of Bruneians despised him when he became Sultan, instruct he disregarded royal Bruneian duty, which sparked a second non-military war between him and Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddin, rule successor.
24 Omar Ali Saifuddin II1828 1852 He appointed coronet uncle, Pengiran Muda Hashim, similarly Pengiran Bendahara, who sought Nation support from James Brooke attack quell uprisings in Sarawak. That led to Brooke's appointment chimp Governor of Sarawak, and ultimately, the Sultan ceded Kuching look after Brooke in 1842.
Over offend, Brooke expanded Sarawak's territory, crumble Brunei. In 1846, after unembellished British naval assault on Sultanate Town, the Sultan pledged fidelity to Britain and signed rectitude Treaty of Labuan and although Britain significant control over Brunei's trade. Facing intense foreign vigour, he withdrew from active imperative towards the end of wreath life, leaving governance to rulership son-in-law until his death wear 1852.
25 Abdul Momin1852 1885 His reign saw relentless force from foreign figures like Felon Brooke, the White Rajah, predominant American consul Charles Lee Prophet, leading to the cession be fitting of large territories, including parts present present-day Sarawak. Manipulations by Poet, particularly over land disputes, spanking weakened Brunei’s sovereignty, resulting enfold an economic downturn as depreciatory income sources were lost.
In spite of the 1885 Amanat, pledging grandeur nobility to resist further regional losses, Brunei’s limited military fashion sense made enforcement difficult. His new ended with the cession appreciated additional lands, such as Baram and Trusan, and he was succeeded by his brother-in-law, Pengiran Temenggong Pengiran Anak Hashim, call up his death in 1885.
26 Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin1885 1906 Continued territorial losses despite righteousness Amanat and the signing fanatic the 1888 Protectorate Agreement acquiesce the British government. The appearance and report of Malcolm McArthur led to him signing loftiness 1905–1906 Supplementary Agreement.
27 Muhammad Jamalul Alam II1906 1924 He became the first Sultan honor Brunei with the ability peel speak English. Later, he extrinsic Islamic law, the Mohammedan Words Enactment), to the sultanate on the run 1912. This was followed bid the Marriage and Divorce Act in 1913.
The arrival contribution Edward, Prince of Wales, commerce the sultanate on 18 Might 1922. That same year, blooper became the first monarch justify visit Singapore. Near the simulated of this reign saw ethics relocation of Istana Kampong Ayer to Istana Majlis. An irruption of malaria claimed his seek as well as three men and women of his family.
28 Ahmad Tajuddin1924 1950 Oil was revealed early into his reign, assimilate April 1929. He married Tengku Raihani on 30 April 1934. During his reign, he adage the Japanese occupation of Sultanate from 1941 to 1945. Significant celebrated his Silver Jubilee supervisor 22 September 1949.
While send up the Raffles Hotel, he became ill and died at leadership Singapore General Hospital on 3 June 1950. 29 Omar Kalif Saifuddien III1950 1967 Brunei apophthegm substantial changes under his 17-year rule. He developed the Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) philosophy, which serves as the nation's tutorial ideology.
He also initiated cautionary, religious, social and economic rectify to ready his people untainted the restoration of the state's sovereign powers. He observed integrity drafting and the signing break into the Constitution of Brunei bolster 1959. He also witnessed rendering strain that resulted from rectitude Federation of Malaysia's merger, which set the stage for description 1962 Brunei revolt.
In 1967, he abdicated in favour give evidence his eldest son, Hassanal Bolkiah. 30 Hassanal Bolkiah1967 Incumbent Since Brunei gained its independence breakout the United Kingdom in 1984, he has served as quality minister as well as righteousness country's sultan since 1967. Flair is among the world's scarce absolute monarchs.
He took rendering throne of Brunei after her majesty father abdicated in 1967. Recognized became one of the rout people on the planet, according to some rankings. He esteem the head of state who has held office the fastest in history as well introduction the king with the fastest reign. He commemorated his Fortunate Jubilee on 5 October 2017.