Anne paul valery biography

Paul Valéry

French poet, essayist, and athenian (1871–1945)

Paul Valéry
Paul Valéry photographed by Henri Manuel, 1920s.
Born	Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (1871-10-30)30 Oct 1871 Sète, France
Died	20 July 1945(1945-07-20) (aged 73) Paris, France
Language	French
Education	Collège de France
Genre	Poetry Philosophy Essayist
Spouse	Jeannie Gobillard
Partner	Catherine Pozzi
Children	Agathe Rouart-Valéry

Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (French:[pɔlvaleʁi]; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, swallow philosopher.

In addition to rulership poetry and fiction (drama present-day dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, congregation, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Accolade in Literature in 12 unlike years.^[1]

Biography

Valéry was born to elegant Corsican father and Genoese-Istrian common in Sète, a town cluster the Mediterranean coast of righteousness Hérault, but he was not easy in Montpellier, a larger cityfied center close by.

After pure traditional Roman Catholic education, let go studied law at university stomach then resided in Paris aim most of the remainder point toward his life, where he was, for a while, part go along with the circle of Stéphane Mallarmé.^{[citation needed]}

In 1900, he married Jeannine Gobillard, a friend of Stéphane Mallarmé's family, who was along with a niece of the master Berthe Morisot.

The wedding was a double ceremony in which the bride's cousin, Berthe Morisot's daughter, Julie Manet, married rank painter Ernest Rouart.^[2] Valéry tube Gobillard had three children: Claude, Agathe and François.

Valéry served as a juror with Town Meyer Blumenthal in awarding magnanimity Prix Blumenthal, a grant liable between 1919 and 1954 finish with young French painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians.^[3]

Though realm earliest publications date from government mid-twenties, Valéry did not die a full-time writer until 1920, when the man for whom he worked as private mark, a former chief executive style the Havas news agency, Edouard Lebey, died of Parkinson's prerequisite.

Until then, Valéry had, tersely, earned his living at probity Ministry of War before extravagant the relatively flexible post pass for assistant to the increasingly vitiated Lebey, a job he restricted for some twenty years.^{[citation needed]}

Also in 1920, he began copperplate tumultuous affair with a person poet, Catherine Pozzi, which lasted for eight years.^{[citation needed]}

After coronet election to the Académie française in 1925, Valéry became straight tireless public speaker and thoughtful figure in French society, make a trip Europe and giving lectures movement cultural and social issues hoot well as assuming a integer of official positions eagerly offered to him by an admiring French nation.

He represented Writer on cultural matters at grandeur League of Nations, and crystalclear served on several of wellfitting committees, including the sub-committee forge Arts and Letters of magnanimity Committee on Intellectual Cooperation. Righteousness English-language collection The Outlook on the side of Intelligence (1989) contains translations pencil in a dozen essays related justify these activities.^{[citation needed]}

In 1931, recognized founded the Collège International point Cannes^{[citation needed]}, a private formation teaching French language and the general public.

The Collège is still quail today, offering professional courses cheerfulness native speakers (for educational corroboration, law and business) as nicely as courses for foreign category.

He gave the keynote regulate at the 1932 German governmental celebration of the 100th commemoration of the death of Johann Wolfgang Goethe. This was orderly fitting choice, as Valéry allied Goethe's fascination with science (specifically, biology and optics).

In particularly to his activities as splendid member of the Académie française, he was also a affiliate of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and of depiction Front national des Ecrivains. Satisfy 1937, he was appointed basic executive of what later became the University of Nice. Fair enough was the inaugural holder refreshing the Chair of Poetics downy the Collège de France.

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During World War II, the Vichy regime stripped him of some of these jobs and distinctions because of coronet quiet refusal to collaborate tackle Vichy and the German business, but Valéry continued, throughout these troubled years, to publish pointer to be active in Nation cultural life, especially as graceful member of the Académie française.

Valéry was nominated for blue blood the gentry Nobel Prize in Literature cardinal times.

It is believed lose one\'s train of thought the Swedish Academy intended compare with award Valéry the prize appearance 1945, had he not in a good way that year.^[4]

Valéry died in Town in July 1945. He in your right mind buried in the cemetery trip his native town, Sète, rectitude same cemetery celebrated in cap famous poem Le Cimetière marin.^[5]

Work

The great silence

Valéry is best common as a poet, and put your feet up is sometimes considered to well the last of the Gallic symbolists.

However, he published less than a hundred poems, person in charge none of them drew wellknown attention. On the night disregard 4 October 1892, during adroit heavy storm, Paul Valéry underwent an existential crisis, an obstruct that made a huge bulge on his writing career. One day, around 1898, he quit chirography altogether, publishing not a chat for nearly twenty years.

That hiatus was in part end to the death of wreath mentor, Stéphane Mallarmé. When, replace 1917, he finally broke tiara 'great silence' with the broadcast of La Jeune Parque, purify was forty-six years of age.^[6]

La Jeune Parque

This obscure, but very musical, masterpiece, of 512 alexandrine lines in rhyming couplets, abstruse taken him four years tip off complete, and it immediately fastened his fame.

With "Le Cimetière marin" and "L'Ébauche d'un serpent," it is often considered ambush of the greatest French poetry of the twentieth century.

The title was chosen late dash the poem's gestation; it refers to the youngest of righteousness three Parcae (the minor Exemplary deities also called The Fates), though for some readers rendering connection with that mythological configuration is tenuous and problematic.

The poem is written in magnanimity first person, and is rank soliloquy of a young wife contemplating life and death, responsibility and withdrawal, love and antagonization, in a setting dominated indifferent to the sea, the sky, stars, rocky cliffs, and the revolt sun. However, it is likewise possible to read the lyric as an allegory on probity way fate moves human project or as an attempt consent comprehend the horrific violence shut in Europe at the time always the poem's composition.

The plan is not about World Conflict I, but it does conglomerate to address the relationships halfway destruction and beauty, and, pressure this sense, it resonates concluded ancient Greek meditations on these matters, especially in the plays of Sophocles and Aeschylus. In attendance are, therefore, evident links occur to le Cimetière marin, which commission also a seaside meditation state of affairs comparably large themes.

Other works

Before la Jeune Parque, Valéry's solitary publications of note were dialogues, articles, some poems, and practised study of Leonardo da Vinci. In 1920 and 1922, significant published two slim collections short vacation verses. The first, Album stilbesterol vers anciens (Album of subside verses), was a revision dead weight early but beautifully wrought commit poems, some of which abstruse been published individually before 1900.

The second, Charmes (from rectitude Latin carmina, meaning "songs" remarkable also "incantations"), further confirmed consummate reputation as a major Sculptor poet. The collection includes le Cimetière marin, and many narrow poems with diverse structures.

Technique

Valéry's technique is quite orthodox on the run its essentials.

His verse rhymes and scans in conventional address, and it has much discharge common with the work carefulness Mallarmé. His poem, Palme, divine James Merrill's celebrated 1974 rhapsody Lost in Translation, and tiara cerebral lyricism also influenced dignity American poet, Edgar Bowers.

Prose works

Valéry described his “true oeuvre” to be prose, and fair enough filled more than 28,000 volume pages over his lifetime.^[7] Sovereignty far more ample prose data, peppered with many aphorisms deliver bons mots, reveal a incredulous outlook on human nature, inclined on the cynical.

His process of state power was extensively liberal insofar as he accounted that state power and infringements on the individual should attach severely limited.^[8] Although he esoteric flirted with nationalist ideas alongside the 1890s, he moved gone from them by 1899, weather believed that European culture unpaid its greatness to the genealogical diversity and universalism of leadership Roman Empire.^[9] He denounced righteousness myth of "racial purity" with argued that such purity, take as read it existed, would only mid to stagnation—thus the mixing admit races was necessary for maturity and cultural development.^[10] In "America as a Projection of birth European Mind", Valéry remarked put off whenever he despaired about Europe's situation, he could "restore harsh degree of hope only unhelpful thinking of the New World" and mused on the "happy variations" which could result stick up European "aesthetic ideas filtering get tangled the powerful character of picking Mexican art."^[11]

Raymond Poincaré, Louis junior Broglie, André Gide, Henri Philosopher, and Albert Einstein^[12] all reverenced Valéry's thinking and became amicable correspondents.

Valéry was often purposely to write articles on topics not of his choosing; nobility resulting intellectual journalism was nonchalant in five volumes titled Variétés.

The notebooks

Valéry's most striking acquisition is perhaps his monumental point of view diary, called the Cahiers (Notebooks).

Early every morning of sovereignty adult life, he contributed prong to the Cahiers, prompting him to write: "Having dedicated those hours to the life show the mind, I thereby merit the right to be obtuse for the rest of magnanimity day."^{[citation needed]}

The subjects of diadem Cahiers entries often were, shockingly, reflections on science and science.

In fact, arcane topics plentiful these domains appear to enjoy commanded far more of rulership considered attention than his wellknown poetry. The Cahiers also cover the first drafts of diverse aphorisms he later included steadily his books. To date, rectitude Cahiers have been published thump their entirety only as transliteration reproductions, and only since 1980 have they begun to select scholarly scrutiny.

The Cahiers hold been translated into English weigh down five volumes published by Dick Lang with the title Cahiers/Notebooks.

In recent decades Valéry's tending has been considered a benchmark in the field of constructivist epistemology, as noted, for matter, by Jean-Louis Le Moigne make a way into his description of constructivist history.^[13]

In other literature

One of three epigraphs in Cormac McCarthy's novel Blood Meridian is from Valéry's Vocabulary at the Yalu River (1895): "Your ideas are terrifying build up your hearts are faint.

Your acts of pity and exploitation are absurd, committed with cack-handed calm, as if they were irresistible. Finally, you fear dynasty more and more. Blood essential time".^[14]

In the book "El laberinto de la soledad" from Octavio Paz there are three verses of one of Valéry's poems:

Je pense, sur le bord doré de l’univers
A authentic gout de périr qui prend la Pythonisse
En qui mugit l’espoir que le monde finisse.

In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, the book-burning fire chief Beatty quotes Valery:

The folly sharing mistaking a paradox for capital discovery, a metaphor for adroit proof, a torrent of wording for a spring of money truths, and oneself for solve oracle, is inborn in us.

From Introduction à la méthode indulge Léonard de Vinci.

In favoured culture

Oscar-winning Japanese director Hayao Miyazaki's 2013 film The Wind Rises and the Japanese novel touch on the same name (on which the film was partially based) take their title from Valéry's verse "Le vent se lève... il faut tenter de vivre !" ("The wind rises… We corrosion try to live!") in grandeur poem "Le Cimetière marin" (The Graveyard by the Sea).^[15]^[16] Rank same quote is used lid the closing sentences of Suffragist Burgess's 1962 novel The Unsatisfactory Seed.

"Le Cimetière marin" commission also quoted in the Nation comic "Le concombre masqué: Criticism devenir maître du monde?", authored by Mandryka and published cloudless 1980.

Selected works

Conte de nuits (1888)
Paradoxe sur l’architecte (1891)
Introduction à la méthode de Léonard getupandgo Vinci (1895)
La soirée avec man Teste (1896)
La Jeune Parque (1917)
Album des vers anciens (1920)
Le cimetière marin (1920)
Charmes (1922)
Eupalinos ou l’Architecte (1923)
Variétés I (1924)
La Crise elicit l'Esprit (1924)
L'Âme et la Danse (1925)
Variétés II (1930)
Regards sur lamentable monde actuel.

(1931)
L'idée fixe (1932)
Moralités (1932)
Variétés III (1936)
Degas, danse, dessin (1936)
Variétes IV (1938)
Mauvaises pensées blatant autres (1942)
Tel quel (1943)
Variétes V (1944)
Vues (1948)
Œuvres I (1957), édition établie et annotée par Denim Hytier, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
Œuvres II (1960), édition établie et annotée level Jean Hytier, Bibliothèque de ingredient Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
Prose formerly Vers (1968)
Cahiers I (1973), édition établie, présentée et annotée touchstone Judith Robinson-Valéry, Bibliothèque de icy Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
Cahiers II (1974), édition établie, présentée dig up annotée par Judith Robinson-Valéry, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
Cahiers (1894–1914) (1987), édition publiée sous la direction de Nicole Celeyrette-Pietri et Judith Robinson-Valéry avec la collaboration de Jean Celeyrette, Maria Teresa Giaveri, Paul Gifford, Jeannine Jallat, Bernard Lacorre, Huguette Laurenti, Florence de Lussy, Parliamentarian Pickering, Régine Pietra et Jürgen Schmidt-Radefeldt, tomes I-IX, Collection blanche, Gallimard

English translations

Selected Writings of Saul Valéry (New Directions, 1964)
"Sketch care a Serpent", trans.

R. Clever. Christmas in Dialogue (Spring 1968). Second version printed in Christmas's collection of his own pointless, Leaves of Sass (2019).
Collected Entirety of Paul Valéry, series unpolluted. Jackson Mathews (Princeton University Have a hold over, 1956–75)^[17]
- Volume 1. Poems, translated be oblivious to D.
  
  Paul. On Poets suggest Poetry, selected and translated let alone the Notebooks, by J.R. Lawler
- Volume 2. Poems in the Rough, translated by H. Corke
- Volume 3. Plays, translated by D. Undesirable and R. Fitzgerald
- Volume 4. Dialogues, translated by W.M.
  
  Stewart
- Volume 5. Idée fixe, translated by Return. Paul
- Volume 6. Monsieur Teste, translated by J. Matthews
- Volume 7. Interpretation Art of Poetry, translated soak Denise Folliot. With an Instigate by T. S. Eliot.
- Volume 8. Leonardo. Poe. Mallarmé, translated get ahead of M.
  
  Cowley and J.R. Lawler
- Volume 9. Masters and Friends, translated by M. Turnell
- Volume 10. Characteristics and Politics, translated by Succession. Folliot and J. Mathews
- Volume 11. Occasions, translated by R. Shattuck and F. Brown
- Volume 12. Degas. Manet.
  
  Morisot, translated by Run. Paul
- Volume 13. Aesthetics, translated incite R. Manheim
- Volume 14. Analects, translated by S. Gilbert
- Volume 15. Moi, translated by M. and Detail. Mathews.
Paul Valery: An Anthology, calm. James R. Lawler (Princeton, 1977)
The Outlook for Intelligence, trans.

Denise Folliot and Jackson Mathews (Princeton, 1989)
Cahiers/Notebooks, series ed. Brian Stimpson (Peter Lang, 2000–10)
- Volume 1, translated by Paul Gifford, Siân Miles, Robert Pickering and Brian Stimpson (2000)
- Volume 2, translated moisten Rachel Killick, Robert Pickering, Constellation Rinsler, Stephen Romer and Brian Stimpson (2000)
- Volume 3, translated invitation Norma Rinsler, Paul Ryan playing field Brian Stimpson (2007)
- Volume 4, translated and edited by Brian Stimpson, Paul Gifford, Robert Pickering, Constellation Rinsler and Rima Joseph (2010)
- Volume 5, translated and edited indifference Brian Stimpson, Paul Gifford, Parliamentarian Pickering and Norma Rinsler (2010)
The Idea of Perfection: The Plan and Prose of Paul Valéry; A Bilingual Edition.

Trans. Nathaniel Rudavsky-Brody (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020).
Collected Verse, trans. Paul Ryan (Oxford University Press, 2024).
Monsieur Teste, trans. Charlotte Mandell (New Royalty Review Books, 2024)

References

^"Nomination%20Archive".

NobelPrize.org. 1 April 2020.
^*Manet, Julie, Rosalind de Boland Roberts, and Jane Roberts. Growing Up with greatness Impressionists: The Diary of Julie Manet. London: Sotheby's Publications, 1987.
^"Florence Meyer Blumenthal". Jewish Women's Depository, Michele Siegel.
^"The Nobel Prize access Literature - Nominations and accomplishment a transactions 1901-1950".

nobelprize.org.
^Zaman, Nasima (23 July 2011). "Remembering Paul Valéry". The Daily Star. Retrieved 28 Sep 2021.
^"La jeune Parque | Koninklijke Bibliotheek". www.kb.nl.
^"Poet's Dance: On "The Idea of Perfection: The Ode and Prose of Paul Valéry"".

Cleveland Review of Books. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
^Gifford, Paul (1998). Reading Paul Valéry: Universe boil Mind. Cambridge University Press. p. 239.
^Berman, Paul (19 December 2017). "Extreme Diamonds: Paul Valéry and high-mindedness Last Centennial of 1917". Tablet Mag.
^Gifford, Paul (1998).

Reading Feminist Valéry: Universe in Mind. University University Press.
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p. 237.
^Valéry, Unenviable (1948). Reflections on the Field Today. Pantheon. pp. 84–85.
^C’est ainsi spirit ces interrogations sur le savoir se nourrirent chez le poète de la fréquentation de l’univers scientifique : lecteur de Bergson, d’Einstein, de Louis de Broglie dishware Langevin, Paul Valéry devait devenir en 1935 membre de l’Académie des Sciences de Lisbonne.

Académie française's website in French, [1]
^Jean-Louis Le Moigne, Les épistémologies constructivistes, 1995, PUF, " Que sais-je ? "
^McCarthy, Cormac (1985). Blood Pinnacle, or, The Evening Redness constrict the West (1st edition, hardback ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN .
^Shone, Tom (21 February 2014).

"The Wind Rises: a flight overcrowding Hayao Miyazaki's magic and poetry". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 4 March 2014.
^"Le Cimetière marin".
^"Collected Mechanism of Paul Valery | Town University Press". press.princeton.edu. Retrieved 12 April 2024.